Defensive driving techniques, courtesy, good judgement and less haste are all vital components to safe driving. Also, the vehicle must be roadworthy.

"Identifying car troubles early could save the owner heartache and and inconvenience," said Donald Mattis, a St Catherine-based certifying officer.

According to Mattis, a smart driver can prevent troubles before they begin.

1 Check tyres - Your tyres should be replaced when smooth bands appear. Uneven wear indicates trouble. Look also for damage to sidewalls and tyre bulges.

2 Check front bearings - The front wheels of most cars use bearings. Jack up the vehicle, spin the wheel by hand and listen for noise. A scraping sound or clicking noise indicates a bad bearing.

3 Check shock absorbers - If the vehicle continues to bounce after going over a bump; if you have to oversteer to get vehicle correct after a turn; or hear a knocking while cornering, you need shock absorbers.

4 Check brakes - With the engine running, place foot on the brake pedal. Keep it as motionless as possible for about 15 to 20 seconds. If the pedal falls, a leak could exist.

5 Check the steering - If you are feeling a vibration while driving, or if the steering is too loose, visit a mechanic. Also, if the car drift while on a straight road, check it out.

6 Check automatic transmission - Drive for at least 9 or 10 miles then stop to examine the fluid. It should be 'reddish' and should not smell like varnish.

7 Check cooling system - Remove the radiator cap while the engine is cold. Run you finger around the inside of the radiator filler neck. If your finger gets covered with sludge, the cooling system should be drained, flushed and refilled. Also, check the radiator hoses for cracks.

8 Check fuel system - Have someone start the engine while you observe the exhaust at the tailpipe. Let the person accelerate slowly until pedal is about one-third of the way down. White smoke is OK.

9 Check horn, mirrors, windshield wipers, fuse, headlights and indicators.