PARIS (AP):

Unemployment is rising around the world as the recession leaves few corners untouched - but sharp differences remain between companies directly hit by financial or housing-market collapses and those that have deliberately protected jobs with expensive measures - including subsidising shorter working weeks.

Unemployment rates in the 30 wealthy countries that belong to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) range from a low of 3.2 per cent in the Netherlands to 17.6 per cent in Spain, according to July figures.

And European Union figures for the 16 countries using the euro show a rate of 9.6 per cent for August.

In the developing world, the downturn has also taken its toll. Unemployment in Brazil appears now to be easing a bit, but Mexico in August posted its highest jobless rate in 13 years. In Africa, the continent's largest economy, South Africa, is in the grips of its first recession in 17 years and about a quarter of the population is officially without work.

The US unemployment rate was 9.8 per cent in September, the highest since June 1983, the Labour Department said Friday. Most economists see US unemployment topping 10 per cent by early next year.

The speed of the increase in unemployment rates also varies, with countries like France starting with relatively high unemployment and shifting only slightly upward, and Britain and Ireland starting low but rising fast.

"There are quite significant differences across countries and regions," said John Martin, head of the OECD's employment, labour and social affairs division. "Quite a number of the countries which so far have not seen major increases in unemployment were countries that either have expanded short-time working schemes or introduced them in the first places."

But he noted such programmes - where workers agree to fewer hours and the government helps make up the difference in their pay - may not be affordable for much longer.

The OECD expects the jobless rate in its 30 members to approach 10 per cent in the second half of next year, meaning 57 million people out of work. If forecasts are correct, about half of those would have joined the jobless lines in the three years from the start of the downturn to the end of 2010.

Stefano Scarpetta, head of employment analysis at the OECD, said that the US is historically quicker at reducing unemployment after a shock than Europe. But still, he said it could take three years or longer for the US to return to pre-crisis levels.

Here is a look at unemployment rates around the world:

GERMANY

Unemployment edged up this year to 7.7 per cent in July from an annual rate of 7.3 per cent in 2008, but that was down from 8.4 per cent in 2007, according to harmonised OECD data. Employment has been kept in check so far by government financial support for workers put on shorter hours in order to avoid mass layoffs.

FRANCE

The increase in French jobless lines has been somewhat tempered by short-work arrangements and government incentives, such as exempting payroll taxes for some workers. The unemployment rate rose to 9.2 per cent in July from 7.8 in 2008, according to the OECD. It is expected to hit 10 per cent by the end of the year.

BRITAIN

Unemployment hit a nearly 13-year high of 7.9 per cent in July. The number of people out of work looks on course to pass the three million mark next year as the impact of the recession translates to rising dole queues. However, the number losing their jobs has fallen from spring highs.

SPAIN

Spain has gone from being a European model for growth, creating more than a third of all new euro-zone jobs over the past decade, to having the region's highest unemployment rate. This stems mainly from the collapse of a construction boom and a credit-fuelled consumer spending spree over the past two years.

The OECD charts the rise in unemployment as moving from 8.3 per cent in 2007 to 11.3 per cent in 2008 and 17.6 per cent this July.

IRELAND

The story is similar in Ireland, where unemployment has surged from 4.6 per cent in 2007 to 6 per cent in 2008 and 13.3 per cent in July.

KOSOVO

The Balkan nation is one of the poorest in Europe, and not a member of the OECD club. With stagnant growth, its unemployment rate was 46.3 per cent in 2007, according to the International Labour Organisation. That may include the so-called "gray economy," in which people are paid under the table.

JAPAN

Japan's unemployment rate actually dipped to 5.5 per cent in August after reaching 5.7 per cent in July, the highest level in Japan's post-World War II era, amid mounting job and wage cuts. Still, the total number of jobless in August rose 32.7 per cent from a year earlier to 3.61 million. The number of temporary workers has surged in recent years, reaching around a third of the workforce in the world's No. 2 econ-omy. The plight of these workers, who with little job security have born the brunt of the recession, has stirred emotions in Japan.

CHINA

The official urban unemployment rate was 4.3 per cent for the three months ended June 30, but the actual level could be more than double that because the government system ignores millions of migrant workers and employees who are furloughed by state companies but not recorded as laid off. As of June 30, there were 9 million registered unemployed people in an urban workforce of 210 million, according to a spokesman for the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Yin Chengji.

As many as 30 million migrants are believed to have lost jobs in export-oriented factories in late 2008, government officials said. Some are believed to have found work on construction projects financed by Beijing's stimulus but no figures have been reported.

INDIA

The picture is even less clear in India, where the government does an official employment survey only about once every five years. Ninety per cent of the workforce is in the so-called informal sector.

MEXICO

Mexico's unemployment rate rose to 6.28 per cent in August, the highest rate in more than 13 years, according to The National Statistics Institute. The jobless rate among the country's roughly 45 million workers was up from 4.2 per cent in August 2008. President Felipe Calderon has announced reforms to ease red tape and lower costs for investors in public works projects to foster job growth. The government also started paying one-third of the salaries of automotive workers to curb layoffs at the plants.

JAMAICA

Some 30,000 persons have joined the unemployment ranks since January 2009.

BRAZIL

Unemployment in Brazil reached 8.1 per cent in August, remaining stable over the last two months. The figure shows a drop in the jobless rate from its peak of 9 per cent in March. Brazil emerged from recession in the second quarter of this year and analysts are now predicting the economy will expand slightly in 2009.

SOUTH AFRICA

The unemployment rate in South Africa hovered at 23.6 per cent in this year's second quarter, according to the country's statistics office. That was up slightly from 23.1 per cent in the April-June quarter of 2008, as South Africa is mired in its first recession since 1992.

The African continent as a whole was initially unscathed by the financial turmoil that roiled Europe and the United States. But the collapse of Western consumer demand has meant Africans are selling less of the commodities on which many of their economies depend.