This month is being observed as heart month. There are many studies exploring the amino acid, homocysteine, which is found in the blood. Its main source is meat consumption and high blood levels of this amino acid may promote atherosclerosis (fatty deposits in blood vessels), damaging the inner lining of arteries and promoting blood clots. There is ongoing research to determine if lower homocysteine levels will reduce the risk of heart disease.

Lowering homocysteine levels

Folic acid and other B vitamins such as B6 and B12 help to break down homocysteine in the blood. Homocysteine levels are strongly influenced by diet and genetic factors. Evidence shows that low blood levels of folic acid are linked to higher risks for fatal coronary heart disease and stroke.

The American Heart Association warns, however, that people should not self-prescribe folic acid and B vitamins to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke. The association has not, however, labelled high homocysteine levels as a major risk factor for heart disease, as more studies are necessary.

It is also important to note that a high blood level of homocysteine is just one of the risk factors for heart disease. Others are smoking, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, low physical activity, obesity and diabetes.

The role of diet

It is advised that a healthy, balanced diet, rich in a variety of fruits and vegetables, whole grains and which is fat-free or low-fat be consumed to promote heart health. Green vegetables are rich sources of folates; fruits and vegetables in general are rich sources of folates and B vitamins.

Sources of B vitamins and folates

B6 - Bell pepper, spinach, callaloo, nuts. The plant source (pyridoxine) of this vitamin is more stable in processing than the source from meats.

B12 - Meat, shellfish and snapper.

Folates - spinach, callaloo, broccoli, cabbage, okra, corn, orange, ripe banana, beet, mustard green, green lettuce, dried peas and beans.

Rosalee M. Brown is a registered dietitian/nutritionist who operates Integrated Nutrition and Health Services; email: yourhealth@gleanerjm.com.